What are the components of a plastic injection molding machine?

1, Injection system
The injection system is the core part of the injection molding machine, mainly responsible for heating and plasticizing solid plastic, and injecting it into the mold cavity at a certain pressure and speed. The injection system usually consists of a plasticizing device and a power transmission device.
Plasticizing device: The plasticizing device mainly consists of feeding device, material cylinder, screw, nozzle and other parts. The feeding device is responsible for feeding solid plastic into the barrel, which provides a heating environment to soften and plasticize the plastic. The screw rotates inside the barrel, mixing the plastic evenly and plasticizing it into a molten state through shearing, compression, and heating. The nozzle is responsible for quantitatively injecting molten plastic into the mold cavity.
Power transmission device: The power transmission device includes an injection cylinder, an injection seat moving cylinder, and a screw drive device (melt adhesive motor). These devices provide the necessary driving force to rotate the screw inside the barrel and inject molten plastic into the mold at a certain pressure and speed.
2, Mold closing system
The main function of the mold clamping system is to ensure the closure, opening, and ejection of the mold. After the mold is closed, the clamping system provides sufficient locking force to resist the pressure generated by the molten plastic entering the mold cavity, prevent the mold from opening, and ensure the quality of the product.
Mold closing device: The mold closing device includes a mold closing oil cylinder, front and rear fixed templates, moving templates, etc. The mold clamping cylinder provides driving force to move the moving template forward, closely adhering to the fixed template, forming a closed mold space.
Mold adjustment mechanism: The mold adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the closing gap of the mold, ensuring precise alignment of the mold.
Top out mechanism: The top out mechanism is responsible for pushing the product out of the mold after the injection is completed for easy retrieval.
3, Hydraulic transmission system
The hydraulic transmission system provides power for the injection molding machine to perform various actions, such as closing and opening the mold, pushing and retracting the injection cylinder, etc. The hydraulic transmission system mainly consists of oil pump, motor, various valves, accumulator, hydraulic oil cooler, filtering device, etc.
Oil pump and motor: The oil pump and motor are the power sources of the hydraulic transmission system, providing the necessary hydraulic pressure and flow to meet the various operational requirements of the injection molding machine.
Various valves: Various valves (such as directional valves, pressure valves, flow valves, etc.) are used to control the flow direction, pressure, and flow rate of hydraulic oil, thereby meeting the requirements of injection molding processes.
4, Electrical control system
The electrical control system and hydraulic system work closely together to meet the process requirements (such as pressure, temperature, speed, time) and various program actions of the injection molding machine. The electrical control system mainly consists of electrical appliances, electronic components, instruments, heaters, sensors, etc.
Controller: The controller is the core of the electrical control system, which receives signals from sensors and controls the actions of various electrical components according to preset programs, achieving automated control of the injection molding machine.
Sensors: Sensors are used to monitor various parameters of injection molding machines, such as oil temperature, material temperature, pressure, flow rate, etc., and provide feedback to the controller for precise control.
5, Heating and cooling system
The heating and cooling system is used to control the temperature of the injection molding machine barrel, nozzle, and mold, ensuring the smooth progress of plastic plasticization and injection process.
Heating system: Heating systems usually use electric heating coils as heating devices, installed outside the material barrel, and use thermocouples to detect temperature in sections. Heat is conducted through the cylinder wall to provide a heat source for material plasticization.
Cooling system: The cooling system is mainly used to cool the oil temperature and prevent faults caused by high oil temperature. At the same time, cooling is also required near the discharge port of the material pipe to prevent the raw materials from melting at the discharge port and affecting normal discharge.
6, Lubrication system
The lubrication system provides lubrication conditions for the relative motion parts of the injection molding machine, such as the moving template, mold adjustment device, and connecting rod hinge, in order to reduce energy consumption and improve part life. Lubrication can be regular manual lubrication or automatic electric lubrication.
7, Safety monitoring system
The safety monitoring system mainly monitors the oil temperature, material temperature, system overload, and process and equipment failures of the injection molding machine, and indicates or alarms any abnormal situations to ensure the safe operation of the injection molding machine.
8, Peripheral auxiliary system
In addition to the main components mentioned above, the injection molding machine is also equipped with peripheral auxiliary systems such as feeding system, drying system, robotic arm, crusher, mold hot runner temperature control cabinet, etc., to further improve the automation and efficiency of the injection molding process.